FORM 4 BIOLOGY (KBSM)

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TOPIC 02 – CELL STRUCTURE & ORGANISATION 11 Sub-Topics/Topik

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BIO-F4-T02-01- Introduction

BIO-F4-T02-02- Animal and plant cell structure

BIO-F4-T02-03- Differences between animal and plant cells

BIO-F4-T02-04- Structure and function of cell organelles (1)

BIO-F4-T02-05- Structure and function of cell organelles (2)

BIO-F4-T02-06- Structure and function of cell organelles (3); Distribution of organelles

BIO-F4-T02-07- Organisation in a unicellular organism

BIO-F4-T02-08- Organisation in a multi-cellular animal

BIO-F4-T02-09- Organisation in a multi-cellular plant

BIO-F4-T02-10- Regulation of the internal environment

BIO-F4-T02-11- Photomicrographs of organelles and cells

TOPIC 03 – MOVEMENT OF SUBTANCE 7 Sub-Topics/Topik

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BIO-F4-T03-01- Structure of the plasma membrane

BIO-F4-T03-02- Movement of substances across the membrane (1)

BIO-F4-T03-03- Movement of substances across the membrane (2)

BIO-F4-T03-04- Movement of substances across the membrane (3)

BIO-F4-T03-05- Behaviour of cells in isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions

BIO-F4-T03-06- Applications of osmosis in daily life

BIO-F4-T03-07- Experiments

TOPIC 04 – CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CELL 17 Sub-Topics/Topik

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BIO-F4-T04-01- Major elements and compounds in cells

BIO-F4-T04-02- Water

BIO-F4-T04-03- Water; Carbohydrates- monosaccharides

BIO-F4-T04-04- Carbohydrates- Disaccharides and Polysaccharides; Proteins

BIO-F4-T04-05- Carbohydrates- role; Protein introduction

BIO-F4-T04-06- Proteins- structure

BIO-F4-T04-07- Classification of amino acids and proteins; Role of proteins

BIO-F4-T04-08- Lipids- Triglycerides

BIO-F4-T04-09- Differences between saturated and unsaturated triglycerides; Phospholipids, Steroids and waxes

BIO-F4-T04-10- Role of lipids; Nucleic acids

BIO-F4-T04-11- Structure of DNA; Role of nucleic acids

BIO-F4-T04-12- Enzymes- definition and properties

BIO-F4-T04-13- Synthesis of enzymes; Mechanism of enzyme action

BIO-F4-T04-14- Lock and key hypothesis; Factors that affect the rate of enzyme reaction- temperature

BIO-F4-T04-15- Factors that affect the rate of enzyme reaction- temperature, pH,enzyme concentration and substrate concentration

BIO-F4-T04-16- Uses of enzymes; Experiment 1

BIO-F4-T04-17- Experiment 2

TOPIC 05 – CELL DIVISION 12 Sub-Topics/Topik

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BIO-F4-T05-01- Cell cycle; Mitosis- introduction

BIO-F4-T05-02- Mitosis- Prophase, Metaphase and Anaphase

BIO-F4-T05-03- Mitosis- Telophase and Cytokinesis; Differences in plant and animal cells; Uncontrolled mitosis (1)

BIO-F4-T05-04- Uncontrolled mitosis (2); Tissue culture and cloning in plants

BIO-F4-T05-05- Cloning in animals; Advantages and disadvantages in cloning; Importance of mitosis

BIO-F4-T05-06- Meiosis- introduction

BIO-F4-T05-07- Meiosis (1)

BIO-F4-T05-08- Meiosis (2)

BIO-F4-T05-09- Meiosis (3); Significance of meiosis (1)

BIO-F4-T05-10- Significance of meiosis (2)

BIO-F4-T05-11- Differences between Meiosis I and Meiosis II; Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis (1)

BIO-F4-T05-12- Differences between mitosis and meiosis (2)

TOPIC 06 – NUTRITION 29 Sub-Topics/Topik

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BIO-F4-T06-01- Autotrophic and Heterotrophic nutrition

BIO-F4-T06-02- Heterotrophic nutrition (2)

BIO-F4-T06-03- Energy requirement; Experiment; Factors affecting energy requirement (1)

BIO-F4-T06-04- Factors affecting energy requirement (2); Balanced diet

BIO-F4-T06-05- Food pyramid; Vitamins (1)

BIO-F4-T06-06- Vitamins (2); Minerals (1)

BIO-F4-T06-07- Minerals (2); Water and fibres

BIO-F4-T06-08- Malnutrition; Experiment to determine Vitamin C concentration (1)

BIO-F4-T06-09- Experiment (2); Food tests (1)

BIO-F4-T06-10- Food tests (2); Digestion- introduction

BIO-F4-T06-11- The digestive system (1)

BIO-F4-T06-12- The digestive system (2)

BIO-F4-T06-13- The digestive system (3)

BIO-F4-T06-14- The digestive system (4); Absorption (1)

BIO-F4-T06-15- Absorption (2); Role of caecum, colon and rectum

BIO-F4-T06-16- Digestion in ruminants and rodents

BIO-F4-T06-17- Liver -Health problems related to eating habits (1)

BIO-F4-T06-18- Health problems related to eating habits (2); Experiment to show importance of digestion

BIO-F4-T06-19 – Nutrition in Plant- macronutrients and micronutrients

BIO-F4-T06-20- Experiment- Studying the effect of Micronutrient Deficiency in Plants

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TOPIC 07 – RESPIRATION 14 Sub-Topics/Topik

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BIO-F4-T07-01 – Introduction; Aerobic respiration

BIO-F4-T07-02-Anaerobic respiration

BIO-F4-T07-03-Differences between Aerobic and Anerobic Respiration

BIO-F4-T07-04-Experiment(To Study Anerobic respiration of Yeast)

BIO-F4-T07-05 – Gaseous Exchange in animals(1)

BIO-F4-T07-06 – Gaseous Exchange in animals (2)

BIO-F4-T07-07 – Gaseous Exchange in animals (3); Breathing mechanism in humans

BIO-F4-T07-08 – Experiment to show breathing mechanism (1)

BIO-F4-T07-09 – Experiment to show breathing mechanism (2)

BIO-F4-T07-10 – Gaseous Exchange at The Alveolus

BIO-F4-T07-11 – Transport of Oxygen and carbon dioxide in humans

BIO-F4-T07-12 – Investigating the Differences Between Inhaled and Exhaled Air in terms of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide content (

BIO-F4-T07-13 – Investigating the Differences Between Inhaled and Exhaled Air in terms of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide content (2);

BIO-F4-T07-14 – The Compensation Point

TOPIC 08 – DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM 20 Sub-Topics/Topik

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BIO-F4-T08-01-Introduction

BIO-F4-T08-02-Abiotic Compound

BIO-F4-T08-03 – Biotic component; Food chains and food webs

BIO-F4-T08-04-Interaction between biotic component

BIO-F4-T08-05 – Competition; Experiment to study interspecific competition in plants

BIO-F4-T08-06-Colonisation and Succession

BIO-F4-T08-07 – Colonisation and Succession in a Mangroves Swamp (1)

BIO-F4-T08-08 – Colonisation and Succession in a Mangroves Swamp (2)

BIO-F4-T08-09 – Transect profile of a Mangrove Swamp; Colonisation and succession in a pond

BIO-F4-T08-10 – Population Ecology; Quadrat sampling technique – Density and frequency

BIO-F4-T08-11 – Quadrat sampling technique – Percentage Cover

BIO-F4-T08-12-Capture-Recapture Technique (1)

BIO-F4-T08-13-Capture-Recapture Technique (2)

BIO-F4-T08-14-Biodiversity (1)

BIO-F4-T08-15-Biodiversity (2)

BIO-F4-T08-16-Biodiversity (3)

BIO-F4-T08-17-Microorganism

BIO-F4-T08-18 – Experiment -Effect of Abiotic Components on the Activity of Microorganisms

BIO-F4-T08-19 – Useful and harmful Microorganisms

BIO-F4-T08-20 – Transmission of Diseases; Control of pathogens

TOPIC 09 – ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM 6 Sub-Topics/Topik

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BIO-F4-T09-01 – Human Activities That Threaten the Ecosystem

BIO-F4-T09-02 – Pollution (1) Noise and thermal

BIO-F4-T09-03 – Pollution (2) Air

BIO-F4-T09-04 – Pollution (3) Air- Greenhouse effect and thinning of the ozone layer

BIO-F4-T09-05 – Pollution (4) Water – Eutrophication

BIO-F4-T09-06 – Biological Oxygen Demand